Tamil Nadu is the land of Tamil people who feel pride in their legacy of being the original inhabitants of India, with a history that dates back several thousand years.
With a history akin to a rich and colorful tapestry, and a living habitat that goes to pre-historic times, the history of Tamil Nadu and the civilization of the Tamil people are among the oldest in the world. Throughout its history, which spans the early Paleolithic age to modern times, this region has co-existed with various external cultures. Apart from relatively short periods in its history, the Tamil region has remained independent of external occupation.
Among the major dynasties that rules Tamil Nadu in ancient times were the Cholas, the Pallavas, and the Pandyas. They brought to the land their unique culture and language, contributing to the growth of some of the oldest literature in the world, because of the sate’s extensive maritime trade contacts with the Roman Empire. These dynasties vied for hegemony over this land. The Kalabhras invaded Tamil Nadu during the third century and disturbed order of land by displacing the three ruling dynasties.
Rapid changes in the political situation in the rest of India due to incursions of Muslim armies from the North-West marked a turning point in the history of Tamil Nadu. Thereafter, with the decline of three ancient dynasties during the 14th century, the Tamil country became a part of the Vijayanagara Empire. After India’s independence, the state of Tamil Nadu was born, based on linguistic boundaries.
Monuments and Temples

The state is famous for its temple architecture, with more than 30,000 temples erected by various dynasties. It is referred to as “the cradle of Dravidian culture”, an ancient culture that is distinguished by unique languages and custom. Thus, the Tamil Nadu became the hub of many beautiful and amazing monuments, which attracted tourists from all over the world. These attractive monuments speak volumes about the artistic skills and excellence of the sculptors and architects of that period. The temples with their towering gopurams (spires) and the rock-cut temples, leave connoisseurs of art and architecture speechless.
Mahabalipuram 60 km south of Chennai, nesting on the shores of the Bay of Bengal, is the second largest world heritage site, with its group of monuments, including Arjuna’a penance, an enormous relief made on two huge boulders.
Festivals are a daily feature in Tamil Nadu. The major festivals celebrated include Navarathri or Dussehra, Deepavali, Karthika, and Pongal. A unique festival of carnatic music, the Thyagaraja music held in January every year at Thiruvaiyar, the birth place of famous singer-port Thyagaraja. The festival creates a unique atmosphere marked by a multitude of classical vocalists singing in unison.